Is there any way to report/ file a dispute for an Apple Pay scam?

There is this also -

If you see a transaction you do not recognize or have an issue with a transaction open Wallet>tap on the card used>tap on the transaction (photo 1)>tap on the amount (photo 2)>look for a report an issue link. (photo 3)

photo 1 - select the transaction

photo 2 - click the amount

photo 3 - click the link

Did you use Apple Pay Cash?

If so, no. Using Apple Pay Cash is just like using cash.

Then contact your bank.