My iPhone broke. How can I recover my iCloud info

If you have an iCloud Backup of the phone you can use that to set up a replacement iPhone. See: Use iCloud to transfer data from your previous iOS device to your new iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support

If you had data synced to iCloud via the options in Settings > [username] > iCloud (e.g., iCloud Photos, Contacts, etc) you can turn on those same options in a replacement iPhone and the data will automatically sync to it. You can also use and computer internet browser and log into www.icloud.com.