Catalina 10.15.3 unable to grant camera, microphone, or screen recording access

I just performed a clean install of macOS Catalina (10.15.3), and I am unable to grant to any application: camera, microphone, or screen recording access.

Applications tested:

• Chrome 80.0.3987.122 (Official Build) (64-bit): https://www.onlinemictest.com/
• Parallels Desktop 15 Home Edition 15.1.2 (47123)
• Zoom 4.6.7 (18176.0301)

I opened System Preferences (14.0) > Security & Privacy > Privacy > Microphone

I only see "Apps that have requested access to your microphone will appear here."

Note: I have never denied access in any of the above tested applications. System applications that don't require this permission work correctly (e.g., Safari).

Note 2: there may be other permissions that can't be enabled, but I haven't tested all privacy permissions.

System specs:

MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2018)

Processor 2.2 GHz 6-Core Intel Core i7

Memory 32 GB 2400 MHz DDR4

Graphics Intel UHD Graphics 630 1536 MB