Saved passwords have disappeared

I have an iPhone X. I recently had to log out of my iCloud one day. A week later, when I signed back into my iCloud, I found out all my saved passwords were gone. I don’t remember if the keychain was on or off at the time and whether that would affect it. But I would like to know if there is a way to get them all back. My phone was backed up before I signed out of my iCloud.