For your query , for your old iPhone you can recover from the device itself https://support.apple.com/en-in/HT205856
Is your new iPhone signed in with same apple id and password that you used in old iPhone , if yes they can be recovered from new iPhone ( make sure all steps are to be done before 30 days ) .
A basic rule - if devices are signed in with same Apple ID and password on the same network it could be iPhones / Macs , if you delete a photo from first device it deletes from another device , some conditions are met in iPhone the photo box must be always turned as on https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/use-icloud-photos-iph961b96c4d/13.0/ios/13.0
In Mac also the photo library and its preferences are correctly set up https://support.apple.com/en-in/HT204264
https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/photos/pht5156cc968/4.0/mac/10.14
Permanently deleted photos are erased from the server immediately , if you ever had set up time machine then only they can be brought back https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209152