iCloud photos

Have you signed into Settings/Your Name/iCloud using the same Apple ID you used when you synced the photos to iCloud, and turned Photos syncing on? The photos sync is very, very slow. It could take a couple of weeks for the photos to sync if you have a large Library.

Do you see any of the photos in the Photos app?

Try doing so from you phone by signing into iCloud.com using Safari and your Apple ID. See what happens, and post back if you can't get to your photos even this way.