Two-Factor Authentication

So how do I do two-factor without iphone, because this iphone is damaged and may stop working at any time.

See >>> https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204974

Your code will come to your Android device via SMS assuming it is the same phone number you used for your Apple trusted device.

From the article below. You might want to leave the iPhone number on your Apple ID.

Keep your trusted phone numbers up to date

To use two-factor authentication, you need at least one trusted phone number on file where you can receive verification codes. Consider verifying an additional trusted phone number other than your own phone number. If your iPhone is your only trusted device and it is missing or damaged, you will be unable to receive verification codes required to access your account.

You can update your trusted phone numbers when you follow these steps:

1. Go to your Apple ID account page.
2. Sign in with your Apple ID.
3. Go to the Security section and click Edit.

If you want to add a phone number, click Add a Trusted Phone Number and enter the phone number. Choose to verify the number with a text message or automated phone call, and click Continue. To remove a trusted phone number, click  next to the phone number you want to remove.

Two-factor authentication for Apple ID - Apple Support