what specific USB cables do I need to connect my iPad to my MacBook Air 2020

This adapter: USB-C to USB Adapter - Apple

or

this cable: https://www.apple.com/shop/product/MX0K2AM/A/usb-c-to-lightning-cable-1-m

Or some options that don't require a cable:

A 3rd party app: https://www.photosync-app.com/home.html

or

to automatically sync all photos now and in the future: Set up and use iCloud Photos - Apple Support

or

For a few photos:

Use AirDrop on your Mac - Apple Support

and

How to use AirDrop on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support

As you indicated "old iPad" -- only offered 2 possibilities: 30 pin connector? or Lightening connector?

Because 2020 MacBook Air only has USB-C/Thunderbolt 3:

Here are the likely solution for "wire connection" --

USB-C --> Lightening cable

30 pin connector (hope you still have the cable) will need: this adapter

Another thought: You can use AirDrop to transfer the pictures

or

Use iCloud