Can you use two Apple ID accounts on one device?

Simultaneously? No. Only one AppleID can be signed into any given Apple service at one time (Where can I use my Apple ID? - Apple Support). And you can only change the AppleID associated with the App or Music Store once every 90 days.

You can use two AppleIDs simultaneously with different services. So one AppleID for iCloud, for example, and another with the App and Music Store for purchases. Although that would be a unique situation and one to think about before going that route.