I'm experiencing the same problem noted by many. The reports are spread across several devices and operating systems. I'm interested in a solution that will work with the latest Big Sur.
I have yet to find a solution. It appears that more than a few get frustrated and give up on Apple Notes. If you find something that works, I'd love to hear from you.
BTW: Performed the on/off with notes, rebooted (many times), cleared all caches, turned IOS devices on/off, exited iCloud, etc.
My iPad Pro with the lates IOS works find, but after upgrading from 10.15.+ to 11.2.1, cannot get Notes to sync with iCloud. The system spins and uses much of CPU %.