Try force closing all apps and then restart your device - How to force an app to close on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
Restart your iPhone - Apple Support
If that doesn't work, restore your iPhone to factory settings. Test the battery life before restoring data (in other words, set it up as a new device) - Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod to factory settings - Apple Support
After testing the battery life without doing a restore then you can restore a backup - Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support
If it works before restoring and doesn't after then there's a problem with what is loaded or iOS is corrupt. If it doesn't work before restoring then you'll want to talk to Apple Support.