How can I recover deleted photos?

See the section, titled: Recover deleted photos or videos, in the following article:

• Delete photos on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support

I have this same question. I deleted photos from my phone and then when I went to look at them on the cloud, they were gone from there as well.

I know the government can get them and they are truly never gone, so how do I get them back?

you can't

They are stored on iCloud until you delete them from the device. Then they are gone for good.