I have had a the same screen protector on my laptop for about 6/7 years. Today i removed it and it seems to have taken some of the coating off the screen.
That is why they are not recommended
I am not sure what this is,
The adhesive one the screen protector reacted with the factory anti-glare coating. a very bad thing.
...but you can see it quite clearly and the affected areas feel rougher than normal.
Not surprising. Makers of screen protectors seen to show little regard for computer makers' cautions.
Is there anyway I can fix this without replacing the screen?
Nothing that would restore it to like new. And if this is a Retina MBP, you cannot simple replace the glass. Everything up there is one sealed unit that Apple will gladly replace for a mere US$500 to $650. You cannot simply replace part of it.
And if i put another screen protector on it, will it get worse?
Don't know. I don't use them. I suspect that will not make the patterning of the damage go away.
You should contact the maker of the screen protector. They sold you something that, instead of protecting your computer, damaged it.