Can I use the same Apple ID on two separate devices without sharing data between devices?

I have had an iPhone with several apps and now I got a new iPad. I still want to keep all the apps and data on the phone and in iCloud, but I don't want the apps on the iPad.

If I set up my iPad with the same Apple ID, will it automatically put everything from my phone onto the iPad?

If I choose "do not transfer apps and data" when I set up the iPad, will I lose the data from the phone?