How to check my iPhone 11 is jailbroken or not without any Apps?

Try settings, General, Reset, Erase all content and settings

If the jail breakers hobbled that setting, then no,

When you get it it should be activated by you from the Select Language screen using your Apple ID which uou can create if necessary. The most recent update should remove any jailbreak

Problem is there are jailbreaks that make it look like the phone is ok and after the first update it reverts to bring a stolen locked phone.

Only Apple can truly refurbish a phone with genuine parts. This one probably just had a fake battery and a quick polish.

My advice, Buy new.

If it is jailbroken then 99% of the time the Cydia app is present

We generally do not discuss jailbreaking.

I repeat , only Apple can refurbish iphones . Yours will be a lash-up. Avoid, avoid.

I hope I answered your question about jailbroken phones in that even if it was then you can update it to latest ios and the jailbreak will usually go.

We do not discuss jailbroken phones. except to do this process and select Restore

If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch won't turn on or is frozen - Apple Support