Why didn’t my podcast get verified?

That's entirely normal. Once a feed has been submitted you can't validate it in Podcasts Connect. The fact that it's successfully been submitted indicates that there aren't any technical problems with the feed.

If you want to, you can always validate it at any one of several validation services such as https://validator.w3.org/feed/ - that one flags the 'author' tag as not being a valid tag but that doesn't matter - it isn't but rss readers will simply ignore it. You have an 'itunes:author' tag which is the relevant one. Be aware that validators will sometimes throw up errors which aren't actually important, such as not recognizing tags recently introduced by Apple. I shouldn't worry validating it. Once Apple have checked it for content it will be up in Apple Podcasts: this could take a week or two, it varies.

Podcasts connect is sayour feed has already been submitted. Have you in fact done this since your post 35 minutes ago, or had you previously submitted it and are seeing an error message from somewhere else? If so please give full details.