how can i download safari on my phone

Safari is installed on your phone as part of the iOS and it cannot be deleted or downloaded separately. However, with iOS 14 it can be removed from the home screen. If you have iOS 14, go to the App Library (swipe left past your last home screen). From there you can touch and hold an app and slide it left back to the home screen.

If that is not the cause, try using Search to see if that will locate it: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201285