Disable certain services such as Mail while using public wi-fi
I have a first generation iPhone SE with iOS 12. There is no cell service on this phone because I mostly only use it away from home when I am on vacation and that's often in an another country where I'd have to set up service there. Occasionally when I am out I want to use a public wi-fi. I don't really care if somebody sees I am asking Google where the nearest coffee shop is, or what if I am looking up something in a browser. I am concerned that my phone may be trying to do more sensitive things such as checking my e-mail and sending my password to the server. Is there a way to disable features such as Mail when I am connected to a public wi-fi? I went into Settings > Mail and didn't see anything.
I know people advise to use VPN but again I only use this with public wi-fi for perhaps 5 minutes per month so it hardly seems worth subscribing to a service for that.