Forgot password: 13 days to wait until recovery

No, there is no workaround other than remembering your password, or resetting the password from a trusted device.

The first 24h is for knowing how long it will take.

After that you will get to know how long the recovery will take.

How to use account recovery when you can’t reset your Apple ID password - Apple Support

If you have more than one device, invest in a password manager (mSecure is what I use, and 1Password is another longtime highly regarded one). These sync passwords across your devices (even across platforms) so you could always get your password from another device.

With mSecure, my passwords and encrypted secure notes are sync’d across my iPhone, iPads, Macs and even my Work Lenovo Windows 10 machine. So I can always check and see any password I have on any one of several devices.

I sync mSecure on my devices over my home secure WiFi, so there is no internet service involved storing my password.