how do I get my verification code sent to my email?

You cannot as it is not an option. 2FA codes, by default, are sent to your trusted Apple devices via encrypted iCloud notification. As a backup, you can have a code sent to any SMS capable trusted telephone number, or as an automated voice message to any trusted telephone number you’ve listed under your AppleID. But email is not an option.

If you go to https://www.icloud.com/find/ directly in a web browser, then you do not need a 2FA code to login and check where your device is.

You can use an SMS telephone number as a backup to receive codes, or any voice line (cell line, landline, VOIP number, google voice number)