What if I lose my iphone which is my trusted device/number ? How do I then access my apple id which I would anyway require to track my lost device ? As far as I know, I cannot login without my trusted device even if I know my password with this feature turned on ?
iPhone 12, iOS 14
You can log into www.icloud.com/find without needing a two-factor code.
You can also log into www.icloud.com (without the /find) and ignore the two-factor request and click the Quick Access to Find My icon instead.
Even with the above, I would strongly recommend that you have multiple trusted phone numbers to allow full access to your iCloud account in the event of loss of a device. They can be Android phones, landlines, friends' or relatives' phones. See the "Manage your trusted phone numbers" section of Two-factor authentication for Apple ID - Apple Support
You can log into www.icloud.com/find without needing a two-factor code.
You can also log into www.icloud.com (without the /find) and ignore the two-factor request and click the Quick Access to Find My icon instead.
Even with the above, I would strongly recommend that you have multiple trusted phone numbers to allow full access to your iCloud account in the event of loss of a device. They can be Android phones, landlines, friends' or relatives' phones. See the "Manage your trusted phone numbers" section of Two-factor authentication for Apple ID - Apple Support
See if anything here helps. If necessary, you can use account recovery as explained in the link at bottom of the article.
Verification code - how to get one and sign in with two-factor authentication.
TWO FACTOR AUTHENTICATION
