What if you've wiped the drive and the machine is no longer connected to the internet?
My 2017 iMac has not been able to install Big Sur out of Catalina without getting hung, after multiple different attempts. As such, I've completely wiped the internal drive, excepting only the recovery sectors. As such, all connectivity configurations are lost and the machine needs to literally install from scratch.
This is the problem with relying on internet access for major updates.
iMac 27″, macOS 10.14