I want to view my photos from Icloud

Your question is a bit confusing as you use the word "retrieve" in relation to your iPhone and your real question is in the subject header. I infer from this that you have not yet uploaded your photo collection to your iCloud account. You will need to do this to achieve two outcomes - to be able to view your photos on a web browser (after signing in to your iCloud account) and also to be able to view your photos on all your devices - should you have more than one.

Apple describes how to do this in their support document called Set up and use iCloud Photos.

Make sure before you commence this process that your iCloud account has enough space to store your photos. If you have a small plan you might need to buy more space. See: Upgrade your iCloud storage plan.