How can retrieve deleted text messages

If you have activated iCloud Messages you can't retrieve them they are gone.

If they are not in your backup file you cannot retrieve them.

If they are in your backup you can restore your iPhone from your backup and retrieve them. You will lose any data added since the time/date of that backup. Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support

Go to Settings > Your Name, iCloud, Media & Purchases

Tap iCloud

Are messages turned on (green)

If yes, when you deleted the messages they are gone and can't be restored

If Messages are not turned on in iCloud AND you have a backup you made from before you deleted the messages, you can restore your phone from that backup, BUT, your phone will be restored to the date the backup was made, so messages sent and received after the backup date will be gone.

Either way, not great options. Be careful when you delete things and be sure you really want to delete them.