Can I recover files from a stolen iPhone without iCloud backup?

I’m afraid backups must be done before disaster, after is too late.

For photos, Are you sure you didn’t do ANY of these ways of preserving photos and videos?

• emailed, texted or messaged the photos to friends or family
• iCloud photo sync
• iCloud backup
• iTunes backup
• Transfer your photos to your computer via USB cable
• Apple Photo Stream
• Sync to Google Photos
• Sync to some other photo archiving service such as Shutterfly
• Sync to Dropbox
• Sync to box.com
• Sync to Microsoft OneDrive
• Sync to Amazon Photos
• back up to Livedrive
• Backup to any other backup or archiving service

If the answer is no to all of the above your photos are gone forever.

Welcome to Apple Support Communities.

For support in finding your iPhone, see: If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolen - Apple Support.

However, if your data was not stored in iCloud before it was stolen, it cannot be backed up now. It's gone. However, there's always a chance it was stored in iCloud before it was stolen. If it is, you'll see it at https://www.icloud.com.

-Jack