The two reasons a CPU becomes throttled are when the CPU temps reach 100C with the fans running at high speed, or when there is a power issue. If temperatures are not the cause, then you have a power issue with the laptop. Make sure the charger is connected directly to the laptop since multi-port adapters, docks, and hubs may prevent the full power of the charger from reaching the laptop. Also try using the USB-C ports on the other side of the laptop in case you have a bad USB-C port.
Try an SMC Reset.
Run the Apple Diagnostics to see if any hardware issues are detected.
If this does not help, then have Apple or an Apple Authorized Service Provider examine the laptop. Keep in mind that Apple won't use any information you gain from third party apps to identify an issue although you may get lucky and have a more rounded tech at an AASP who will investigate the information shown in the third party apps. I would not expect to receive much help for troubleshooting issues with Windows so see if you can reproduce the CPU issue with macOS where you will have a slightly easier time getting the issue resolved. I can tell you from personal experience that this type of issue can be difficult to troubleshoot on these USB-C Macs when just using macOS. I have no idea how Windows affects this Mac.