How do I stop all these charges on my phone

The first step is to cancel all subscriptions. Once you do that, you may remove your card from Apple ID if you feel you are charged abnormally.

However, I would suggest that you take a look at the subscriptions screen. It may be an app you subscribed to long back and forgot to cancel.

To see and cancel your subscriptions:

1. Open iPhone Settings and tap your name from the top.
2. Tap Subscriptions.
3. Here you have your active and expired subscriptions.
4. Tap an active subscription and tap Cancel, if required.

After that, you may learn how to remove your payment method from your Apple ID. But please note that, even if you have one subscription (even if it was offered for free like Apple TV+ or Apple Music), you cannot remove the card from Apple ID unless you cancel the subscription first.

Hope it helps.