It would be absolutely reprehensible for Apple or for that matter ANY maker of camera systems and software to remove data from photos. No camera system on the planet I'm aware of, artificially removes data from photos. There are software tools one can use after a photo has been taken to edit photos, such as Lightroom's Healing Brush. But that is and should only be used by whoever took the photo.
Samsung, nor Google, nor Apple, nor Canon, nor Nikon nor Fujitsu, nor ANYONE else removes data from photos.
I have heard people suggest they saw artifacts removed in "Live Photos" on iPhone. That is also not true. People seem unaware a Live Photo is actually a timed video recording. It's almost impossible for someone to hold the camera completely still during the capture of a Live Photo, unless the camera is on a Tripod and the shutter was released remotely, meaning the camera didn't move, even a fraction of a millimeter from start to finish. But in a Live Photo, since virtually no one does that, they are moving the camera during the capture and flares can and are often moved during the capture. But iPhone is NOT removing any artifacts in a static photo, nor a Live Photo.
You are however, absolutely right about "post processing." But that is after the photo is taken and as I suggest above is entirely up to the person who took the photo to process it further after a photo is taken.