Hello Kalamauste,
Thank you for using Apple Support Communities. Based on your post, apps icons in folders appear dimmed or greyed out until you open the folder on the Home Screen. We'll do our best to assist with this.
You mentioned disabling Screen Time didn't solve the issue. Does this mean you disabled Screen Time altogether? If not, try to disable Screen Time altogether in Settings > Screen Time and scroll to the bottom. We mention this because both of the dimmed apps in the screenshot appear to be communication related, so it may be Screen Time blocking these apps.
If that doesn't help, do these apps have any updates available? Here's how to check: How to manually update apps on your Apple device
If you're using a VPN or security software, we'd recommend to disable them and restart the device, as these may be blocking the connection: Check VPN (Virtual Private Network) and third-party software to help resolve network connectivity issues
Let us know how it goes, cheers.