There is no way of doing this using Numbers' calculation formulae. As Barry says, they are 'live' functions and will be recalculated whenever there is any change to the table.
However, you can use Automator and AppleScript.
First, launch Automator.
In the New Workflow dialog, choose Quick Action:

This will create a new Automator Workflow.
First, modify the settings in the top right:

Workflow receives no input in Numbers
Now drag a Run AppleScript action from the sidebar into the workflow window:

Delete all the default content from the Run AppleScript workflow:

Copy and paste the following into the Run AppleScript action:
on run
set today to current date
set today_string to hours of today & ":" & minutes of today & " " & day of today & " " & month of today & " " & year of today as text
tell application "Numbers"
activate
tell document 1
tell sheet 1
set active_table to first table whose selection range's class is range
tell active_table
set selectedCell to name of selection range
set value of cell selectedCell to today_string
end tell
end tell
end tell
end tell
end run
Click the Hammer Button at the top of the Workflow action to check your AppleScript syntax. If all is well, your Workflow window should look like this:

Save and close the Automator Workflow. I used the name DateStamp.
In Numbers, select a cell. From the Numbers menu, choose Services and then the name of your Workflow:

Choose DateStamp (or whatever you called your Workflow) and the time and date will be hardcoded into the selected cell:

If you don't have a cell selected, or if you select multiple cells, you will get errors. These can be handled, but I've stuck to the bare bones here.
If you get security questions about Automator controlling Numbers, or AppleScript controlling Numbers, then Allow.
Hope this helps,
H