AirPort Express can't recognize new Wi-Fi
Even the most recent version of the AirPort Express was designed in 2012, long before mesh, WiFi 6 and enhanced WPA3 security appeared, so it is not WiFi 6 capable. If the new router has compatible 802.11n WiFi settings, the Express might connect that way.
TP Link claims in their specifications.....see link below.......that the 2.4 GHz signal is 802.11 ax/n/b/g, but not sure exactly what this means.
https://www.tp-link.com/us/deco-mesh-wifi/product-family/deco-x68/#specifications
If the TP Link mesh router is using WPA3 WiFi security, the Express cannot connect since it is only capable of WPA2 security.
It worked perfectly before
Was this before you added the new TP Link Mesh router, or are you saying that it worked before on the TP Link router?
and don't see another unit that will allow me to stream via my wi-fi through its headphone type jack into my admittedly old amp.
Belkin claims that their Soundform device will do this, but I have not tested this device yet. I would be surprised if it is WiFi 6 capable though. More info here.
https://www.belkin.com/us/speakers-headphones/speakers/soundform-connect-audio-adapter-with-airplay-2/p/p-auz002/
Not sure how much time that you want to spend on trying to get the Express to connect, but the first thing that I would try.......as a temporary test.......is turn off the WiFi security on the TP Link router to see if the Express can connect to the WiFi signal that way, with no security.
If it can.....then you will need to see if you can lower the security settings on the TP Link router to WPA2, then test again to see if the Express can connect using less secure WPA2 security settings.
But, if the Express will not connect during the test using no security, then you know that it will never connect when WiFi security is enabled.
The only option that you have at that point is to connect the Express to the TP-Link router using a permanent wired Ethernet cable connection and turn off the WiFi on the Express.