If your iPad is non-functional - and you don’t have an existing iCloud or iTunes backup - then your locally stored data is now lost. All locally stored data is encrypted, the only copy of the encryption key, required to access this data, is stored in the iPad hardware security chip (the “secure enclave”) - which can only be unlocked by entering the iPad Passcode when prompted by the iPad.
For information, these support pages should get you started with setup of your new iPad - and the available methods of transferring data from old to new iPad:
Set up your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch – Apple Support
Transfer data from your previous iOS device to your new iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
Use Quick Start to transfer data to a new iPhone, iPad or iPod touch – Apple Support
If the donor iPad, from which you are transferring your data precedes iOS12.4, QuickStart will not be available.
“Transfer” is rather a misnomer. In reality, your data and setup is merely cloned to the new device. Nothing is moved or removed from the original device.
An alternative is to restore either an iCloud or iTunes backup to the new device:
How to back up your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch – Apple Support
Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support