Authtrampoline

If you downloaded Malwarebytes directly from the vendor, then it would be okay to grant access so it can do its job. Malwarebytes is generally a trusted app, but if not downloaded directly from the vendor but through some "software mega site", I would not and would uninstall and download directly from the vendor.

I am in search of confirmation that it is okay to allow 'authtrampoline'* access when It asks me to when running the support tool link I received from Malwarebytes

You should never let anybody remote into your computer unless it is someone you know personally.

it seems to be part of the Mac software because it can be found within settings, security&privacy, automation, privacy;

That doesn't make it part of the OS. It is part of Malwarebytes AV for Mac.

but than again maybe it doesn't belong there because it installed itself there when I clicked on the malicious link.

It can't install itself. You have to install it. Did you approve of it being installed?

By clicking on it, I must have given access to something...after all, what is the point of these false links otherwise?

To scare you. Learn how things actually work instead of falling for the fear, uncertainty, and doubt being peddled by the AV cabal and you won't have to live your life in fear.

Additionally, the link provides concrete proof the email is valid and there is a victim at the other end.

Welcome and do come back to the ASC Forums in the future if / or when additional questions may arise.

Because I tapped on a malicious link in a fake COVID mail, I tried to reinstall Malwarebytes.

How do you think Malwarebytes is going to help you?

Clicking on a link does nothing.

You have to actually install malware; it doesn't magically appear on your Mac because you clicked on something.

Allowing some rando on the internet access to your Mac is how you get malware installed.

Just what do you want help for?

The Built in Security  is all that is required to help recognize fake and otherwise harmful links in emails and on the Internet.