Many thanks for all the information and all the tips.
I agree that my biggest problem is that the space on my SDD disk is running out. 470 GB out of a total of 500 GB is used today, ie only 30 GB is available. A number of months ago, 150 GB was available. Everything except the "Other" category that uses 240 GB feels reasonable (based on the division according to the "Storage" tab under "About this Mac").
To get on with my problem, it would be good to have a subdivision of "Other" into smaller groups. However, I have not found any way to show this.
Since it is not possible to find the problem with the help of Finder (with activation of display of hidden files), I guess it is about links that point further to another place where the information is stored. The finder then probably only counts the link itself on a few bytes that used space. The difference between consumption according to Finder and that according to "Storage in About my Mac" is 120 GB. A number of months ago, these two matched.
Regarding RAM (your second point), there is something I have not thought of before. I am therefore very grateful for your information. I was hoping that much of this was handled via startup objects linked to the user and easy to remove, but I have very few such objects. I am therefore unsure how to proceed to deal with this issue without causing problems.
Regarding your third point. The reason why Etrecheck stated that it did not find TM backup was that I did not check this external disk before Etrecheck analysis. TM seems to work well for me and several snapshots are stored per day on the external disk. I have also used TM several times to retrieve older versions of files.
However, local snapshots always seem to be taken for the last 24 hours to be able to handle temporary interruptions to external disks. Available space on the disk seems to be divided into free and cleanable memory, where TM local snapshots seem to belong to the cleanable part of available memory. So local snapshots should then not affect the available memory. For security reasons, however, I have also deleted locally stored snapshots. This had no effect on the available memory.