iCloud Storage

If the malware file was somehow uploaded to iCloud it can sync back to another Mac yes., but it would need to actually be run to do anything. iCloud syncing will not automatically execute programs, just copy the files back.

Malware needs to be run to do anything.

Because it's a syncing service. Which means anything on iCloud is synced to your Mac and vice versa.

It's not an off device backup.

and is it possible for iCloud to sync a malware or damage files that used to exist on the MacBook Pro ?