Hello Safonka,
Thank you for posting in the Apple Support Communities. We understand that you keep getting redirected to the payment methods screen when trying to upgrade your iCloud storage, and we'd like to offer our support.
First, be sure these steps are being taken to add a payment method:
Change, add, or remove Apple ID payment methods
Also, here are the payment methods you can use with your Apple ID in your region:
Payment methods that you can use with your Apple ID
If you still can't add a new card to your Apple ID, find out why:
If you can't remove a payment method from your Apple ID
Kind regards.