macOS does not always properly recognize partitions created by other operating systems. Sometimes you may even need to write zeroes to the beginning of the drive to destroy the existing partition table before macOS will be able to properly recognize and erase the drive.
In addition, macOS 12.x Monterey may still have some compatibility issues with some USB3 drives. If this is the case, then try disconnecting all other external devices in case one of them is interfering with the drive. If you are using a USB-C Mac, you can also try using the USB-C charging cable or connecting the drive to a USB2 hub which supposedly allows some USB3 drives to work with Monterey although the transfers will be extremely slow.
Plus Disk Utility beginning with macOS 10.13+ now hides the physical drive from view by default so you may only have erased a portion of the physical hard drive. Within Disk Utility click "View" and select "Show All Devices" so that the physical drive appears on the left pane of Disk Utility. Select the physical drive which should be identified by its make & model or perhaps identified by the chipset used in the USB adapter, drive dock, or enclosure. Erase the whole physical drive as GUID partition and exFAT. The "GUID" partition is critical for large drives.
Edit: Also try connecting the drive directly to the Mac. As others have mentioned the USB adapter, drive dock, or enclosure also needs to be compatible with a 6TB drive. Many older model adapters/docks/enclosures are not capable of properly working with a large drive so the drive may appear as having only a very small usable storage space (don't use the drive with that adapter/dock/enclosure since you may lose data).