There are three parts to Apple's Wallet. The article referenced here is specifically for two of those parts: Apple Card and Apple Cash. I am pretty sure that Mariia's problem is simply with loading a card into the Apple Wallet for use with Apple Pay (the third component). If this is the case, then this article does not apply.
We are having the same problem actually. My niece in Brasil is trying to load a US credit card into her new iPhone. The bank sent an email saying that she can start making purchases once Apple's Wallet lets you know your card is ready for Apple Pay. All she gets is a message that says "Verification Necessary", and below that "Open (the bank's) Mobile". Unfortunately nothing happens when touches the prompt, or goes to the bank's app and opens it that way.
Called Apple support, and they did not have an answer other than to suggest that we verify the phone is running the latest versions of iOS and the banking App. Since her Brasilian card loaded without a problem, we are also thinking that it might have something to do with the fact that the phone is geographically set up for Brasil, not the US where the card was issued.
Hoping someone has a definitive answer.