The rendering time depends on your export settings, frame rates, the quality of your graphics card, and the speed of your computer processor. So hard to know. As a simple test I exported a 1.02 minute, 30fps, video with the lowest resolution, quality, and compression settings. It exported in about 25 seconds, or half the original running time. Quality was low, however, per my settings. At the highest quality settings it rendered in about 43 seconds, about twice the time, but still lower than the original running time. You could try taking a video of a TV show and then editing and exporting the video in iMovie at the settings that you want to see how long it takes to render. Since you are using 1080P at 60 fps you obviously want high quality. It might not be necessary to record at such a high frame rate for a lecture, because there are no fast moving frames, such as if you were recording a bird flying. Recording in a lower frame rate could reduce the rendering time.
If the audio/video are recorded on the same device at the same time, the audio would be embedded in the video and there should be no sync problems. Sometimes there can be sync issues when the audio is recorded on a different device than the video. In that case it might avoid sync issues if you can record your audio at the same sample rate or frame rate as your video device. In the event that you do have sync problems, one can usually fix them with a little fiddling, by doing a Modify/Detach audio in iMovie and adjusting the speed or position of the audio clip to sync with the video. If the audio is not embedded, then you could do the same sync adjustment procedures with the separate audio clip.
Any Apple computer is capable of rendering a lecture video in iMovie, as long as it has sufficient application space for iMovie to run efficiently (20-25GB is usually plenty) and sufficient free space on the destination drive to store the exported move. If your destination drive is 265GB, that would be more than sufficient for a one hour lecture video.
-- Rich