All rechargeable batteries, regardless of battery chemistry, require maintenance through periodic charging. In particular, Li-ion batteries must never be allowed to remain in a fully discharged state for any period of time - as a phenomena known a “deep discharge” will destroy the battery. Deep Discharge is an irreversible condition whereby the battery will not accept charge.
A further property of all batteries is self-discharge - where, over time, the battery charge will slowly dissipate. Self discharge will, over many months, fully deplete the battery; if not recharged, deep-discharge will result in terminal failure of the battery. Returning to my opening point, all batteries require periodic charging to remain healthy - even when not being used.
Your description clearly outlined non-use and no recharging for an extended period - and it is this that has very likely resulted in failure of the Li-ion battery. Batteries have to be looked after, otherwise, premature failure is likely.
Herewith some resources that may prove to be of interest.
Batteries - Maximizing Performance - Apple
Charge the iPad battery - Apple Support
Batteries - Apple