I had backed up my icloud
iCloud is not a backup, it is a syncing service.
I deleted the photos from my phone because they were already on the icloud.
They were on both, until you deleted them from your iPhone which deleted them from both your iPhone and iCloud.
Is there any way I can look for the photos or are they gone?
If they are in your Recently Deleted photos folder you can recover them. If you deleted the from Recently Deleted they are gone.
On your iPhone open Photos.
At the foot of the screen touch on Albums, scroll down to Recently Deleted - this will have the bin icon. Touch on Recently Deleted to open that folder.
From there you can touch on Select in the top right corner, then Recover All in the bottom right corner, provided there are items to recover of course.