Can I get a refund on a paid subscription after cancelling?

I would say generally no, unless perhaps you cancelled within a day or so of the renewal and can argue you weren't aware of the subscription. See Request a refund for apps or content that you bought from Apple - Apple Support.

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Resources:

▷ View Purchase History.

▷ Cancel a Subscription.

▷ Billing and Subscriptions.

▷ Returns & Refunds.

▷ Request a Refund.

Need more help?

• Call Apple Support at 1-800-APLCARE.
• Chat using Messages. 