Hi valentijnV19
Welcome to the Apple Community.
Wondering which iOS is installed on you iPhone ...
.... you may want to update to the latest version (15.4.1) when space permits.
Re: Capacity problem:
There are lots of options: Apple support have articles online (links below) to help with storage:
Storsge on iPhone:
How to check the storage on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support
If you need more space for an update on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
How to: Clear Other storage on your iPhone or iPad - Apple Support
What's the difference between device storage and iCloud storage? - Apple Support
You might want to access old (or new) files from an external storage device, (eg: zip or hard drive).
Connect external storage devices to iPhone – Apple Support (AU)
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Re: Back-up of iPhone:
If you can't back up your iOS or iPadOS device to a computer or restore it from a backup – Apple Support (AU)
Backup methods for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support
How to back up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support
Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support
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Storage on Mac:
How to : Free up storage space on your Mac - Apple Support
View memory usage in Activity Monitor on Mac – Apple Support (AU)
NB: For accurate info: choose your Mac OS at the top of the article that opens from the link below:
Optimise storage space on your Mac – Apple Support (AU)
Discussion thread: About "Other" storage files, and why they are necessary on Mac,
How to delete Other files to free up stor… - Apple Community
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More info:
How iOS and macOS report storage capacity – Apple Support (AU)
If needed: iPhone support Team:
(There's a "Get Support" link at the bottom of their webpage)
iPhone - Official Apple Support
All the best :-)