Hi Meisnotcool,
To be clear, you've mentioned that you're using iCloud Photos and your storage is full. We wanted to share this info with you:
"If you run out of iCloud storage, your device won’t back up to iCloud, new photos and videos won't upload to iCloud Photos, and iCloud Drive, other iCloud apps, and messages won't stay up to date across your devices. And you also won't be able to send or receive emails with your iCloud email address."
This is found in Manage your iCloud storage. If you're using iCloud Photos, the photos would be stored in iCloud and not included in your backup. We'd suggest that you check out this guide: Delete and recover photos and videos on iCloud.com. See if when signing in to iCloud if you can find the photos or they are in the Recently Deleted album.
We'd also like you to check out this info found in About missing information after you restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with iCloud Backup. Go to the section "About your photos" because it might have exactly what you need in order to find out if the photos were included in an iCloud backup and what to do next.
Take care.
"