iPhone has no storage but I've bought 200 gb. on iCloud

Your iPhone and iCloud storage is completely different. Your iPhone storage can not be upgraded after purchasing, while your iCloud can be upgraded. Your iPhone might be out of storage while you still have more space in your iCloud account.

Please see this article for the difference between Icloud and device storage.

What's the difference between device storage and iCloud storage? - Apple Support

See if anything here helps. 

Disk space - How to check the storage on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.    *

 Disk Space – Free Up    -

 Disk Space – Free Up (2).  -

 Disk Space – Free Up (3).  -

 Disk Space - Free Up (4)    -    

 Disk Space - Free Up (5)   -  

ASC YouTube for how to free up space on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch  

Have you signed out of Settings/Your Name, restarted the phone, and the signed back in to see if that updates the iCloud Storage?