Via an eSIM? Nope.
Usual path for shenanigans is knowing passcodes or passwords, or having physical access to your iPhone.
A SIM or eSIM is your identity to the cellular network. It’s not a radio, and doesn’t communicate elsewhere.
If somebody is inclined to spoof your cellular network information (so-called SIM cloning), then they have access to your telephone number, and potentially to security based on that, but not into your device. And the cellular network is not fond of having two devices with the same identity, so there is usually misbehavior.
If you suspect an issue with ypir SIM, contact your carrier and discuss it with them, and potentially acquire a different eSIM or SIM.
But again, known and phished and re-used passwords and passcodes are the usual sources of trouble.
To strengthen your security, and to check for some common issues and problems: https://help.apple.com/pdf/personal-safety/en_US/personal-safety-user-guide.pdf