What do I do when I have a iCloud but not the number
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See if anything here helps. If necessary, you can use account recovery as explained in the link at bottom of the article.
Verification code - how to get one and sign in with two-factor authentication. *
If you can get a code and sign in, you need to change/add the number on your Apple ID. Look in the Security section when signed in online. You may have to add the new number before you can remove the old number. After the change, allow up to 24 hours for the change to sync. Before trying to make the change, sign out of Messages/FaceTime on all devices/computers.