Tried to erase and reset Mac, ended up deleting the Macintosh HD Volume.

I've talked on the phone with Apple Support and the solution to restore the volume was to first Shut Down the computer, then start it by pressing OPTION(ALT) + COMMAND + R at the same time and holding them until a request for wifi network access appeared and after that a spinning Earth globe. This was the entrance to internet recovery mode, but interestingly enough it used the macOS Monterey version of recovery, not the macOS Sierra version I was getting by just starting it with COMMAND + R.

Anyway, from here (mac utilities) we went into Disk Utility, ran first aid on pretty much every single selectable item from that list. After that, we saw that reinstalling macOS still didn’t show up any start-up volume, so we went back to Disk Utility, selected from the Disk Utility top bar > view > show all devices, and selected the very first item on top, shown in the pictures I linked here as Apple SSD SM0512L Media, and used the option to erase it and named it Macintosh HD, format APFS simple, and as GUID Apple Partition. After that, quit out of Disk utility and tried reinstalling macOS from Mac Utilities, but now, finally, the installer showed up the start-up volume as Macintosh HD, and the os installed further without any problem, providing me with a functioning MacBook to write this response :)