macOS Overheating Shutdown Mechanism

I have a MacBook Pro (Late 2013) running macOS Big Sur.

Sometimes when running tasks that are CPU-intensive, the fans start at about medium speed and then after a few minutes my Mac shuts down. The body gets a little bit hot but not excruciatingly hot.

Is there a built-in mechanism in either my Mac or macOS that prevents the system from overheating fatally by switching the power off?

I'm not complaining and I'm not really looking for a fix. I would just like to know if this is normal behaviour.

Thanks!