How can we get the internal software for perl working, which exists in the operating system but no longer works with the M1?

Agree with Bob Harris. Understand that Apple has stated back in the Catalina release timeframe that the perl, python, and ruby scripting solutions would be removed from future releases of macOS. Python 2.7.18 was just removed in Monterey 12.3.1, and Apple's position is that once these are removed, the user must maintain their own installations. That might be perlbrew, or some other management software, in the case of perl 5. And then there is Raku (aka Perl 6).

Perl is working just fine on my M1 Max 16" MacBook Pro running Monterey 12.4

Perhaps you have another version of perl installed and it is found earlier in your PATH

/usr/bin/perl -v

This is perl 5, version 30, subversion 3 (v5.30.3) built for darwin-thread-multi-2level
(with 2 registered patches, see perl -V for more detail)

Copyright 1987-2020, Larry Wall

Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.

Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on
this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl".  If you have access to the
Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/http://www.perl.org/,

The Monterey 12.4 version of Perl is also compiled for multiple architectures

file /usr/bin/perl

/usr/bin/perl: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures: [x86_64:Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
- Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64] [arm64e:Mach-O 64-bit executable arm64e
- Mach-O 64-bit executable arm64e]
/usr/bin/perl (for architecture x86_64):	Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
/usr/bin/perl (for architecture arm64e):	Mach-O 64-bit executable arm64e

Web search finds: https://editrocket.com/articles/perl_mac_os_x.html

This should apply to macOS as well.